Stainless steel

The term "Stainless steel" is used for the following as a collective name for austenitic stainless steels. The chrom content (Cr) of austenitic stainless steels lies about 17 up to 20%, whereas the nickel portion (Ni) is at least 8%. Thereby the stability against corrosion is achieved. Through the addition of further alloy components, as molybdän (Mo), titan (Ti) etc., can this stability be improved.

Sulphur (S) improves the cutting of the material but impaires the welding quality. Nitrogen (N) can improve the mechanical properties.

The austenitic stainless steels are well formable, well weldable and very corrosion resistant. Moreover, they have good toughness properties and are also usable in low temperatures up to -271 °C.

The austenitic stainless steels are not magnetic when annealed. During shapening strain hardening can occur. Thereby it can come to martensite development and low magnetisability. Through annealing the strain hardening and the magnetism can be undone.

Chemical composition of austenitic stainless steels

Mat. No. Group Abbreviation C
% max
Si
% max
Mn
% max
P
% max
S
% max
Cr
%
Mo
%
Ni
%
Others
% max
1.4301 A2 X 5 CrNi 18.10 0,07 1,0 2,0 0,045 0,030 17,0-19,0 - 8,5-10,5 N 0,11
1.4305 A2 X 10 CrNiS 18.9 0,12 1,0 2,0 0,065 0,350 17,0-19,0 - 8,0-10,0 N 0,11, Cu 1
1.4306 A2 X 2 CrNi 19.11 0,03 1,0 2,0 0,045 0,030 18,0-20,0 - 10,0-12,5 N 0,11
1.4307 A2 X 2 CrNi 18.9 0,03 1,0 2,0 0,045 0,030 17,5-20,0 - 8,0-10,0 N 0,11
1.4401 A4 X 5 CrNiMo 17.12.2 0,07 1,0 2,0 0,045 0,030 16,5-18,5 2,0-2,5 10,5-13,5 N 0,11
1.4404 A4 X 2 CrNiMo 17.13.2 0,03 1,0 2,0 0,045 0,030 16,5-18,5 2,0-2,5 11,0-14,0 N 0,11
1.4435 A4 X 2 CrNiMo 18.14.3 0,03 1,0 2,0 0,045 0,025 17,0-18,5 2,5-3,0 12,5-15,0 N 0,11
1.4539 A4 X 2 NiCrMoCuN 25.20.5 0,03 1,0 2,0 0,030 0,020 19,0-21,0 4,0-5,0 24,0-26,0 N 0,15; Cu 2
1.4541 A2 X 6 CrNiTi 18.10 0,08 1,0 2,0 0,045 0,030 17,0-19,0 - 9,0-12,0 Ti 5x%C, 0,8
1.4571 A4 X 6 CrNiMoTi 17.12.2 0,08 1,0 2,0 0,045 0,030 16,5-18,5 2,0-2,5 10,5-13,5 Ti 5x%C, 0,8

Physical qualities of austenitic stainless steels

Mat. No. Spec. gravity
g/mm3
Elastic modulus
kg/mm2 (20 °C)
Tensile strength
N/mm2
Heat expansion
10-6 K-1 (20-100 °C)
Heat conductivity
W/mK (20 °C)
Spec. heat
kJ/kgK (20 °C)
Electric resistance
Ω mm2/m (20 °C)
1.4301 7,90 200 500-750 16,5 15 500 0,73
1.4305 7,90 200 500-700 16,5 15 500 0,73
1.4306 7,90 200 450-700 16,5 15 500 0,73
1.4307 7,90 200 450-700 16,5 15 500 0,73
1.4401 7,98 200 550-700 16,5 15 500 0,75
1.4404 7,90 200 450-700 16,5 15 500 0,75
1.4435 7,90 200 500-700 16,5 15 500 0,75
1.4539 7,90 200 500-700 16,5 15 500 0,73
1.4541 7,90 200 540-740 16,5 15 500 0,73
1.4571 7,98 200 540-690 16,5 15 500 0,75

International material comparison

Germany
W.-Nr.
USA
AISI

UNS
Schweden
SS
Frankreich
AFNOR
England
BS
Italien
UNI
Spanien
UNE
Japan
JIS
Russland
GOST
1.4301 304 S 30400 2332 Z 6 CN 18.09 304 S 15 X 5 CrNi 18.10 F.3504-X 5 CrNi 18.10 SUS 304 08Ch18N10
1.4305 303 S 30300 2346 Z 10 CNF 18.09 303 S 31
1.4306 304L S 30403 2352 Z 2 CN 18.10 304 S 11 X 3 CrNi 18.11 F.3503-X 2 CrNi 18.10 SUS 304L 03Ch18N11
1.4307 304L
1.4401 316 S 31600 2347 Z 6 CND 17.11 316 S 31 X 5 CrNiMo 17.12 F.3534-X 5 CrNiMo 17.12.2 SUS 316
1.4404 316L S 31603 2348 Z 2 CND 17.12 316 S 11 X 2 CrNiMo 17.12 F.3533-X 2 CrNiMo 17.13.2 SUS 316L
1.4435 316L S 31603 2353 Z 2 CND 17.13 316 S 11 X 2 CrNiMo 17.13 F.3533-X 2 CrNiMo 17.13.2 SUS 316L 03Ch17N14M3
1.4539 904L N 08904 2562 Z 1 NCDU 25.20
1.4541 321 S 32100 2337 Z 6 CNT 18.10 321 S 31 X 6 CrNiTi 18.11 F.3523-X 6 CrNiTi 18.10 SUS 321 06Ch18N10T
1.4571 316Ti S 31635 2350 Z 6 CNDT 17.12 320 S 31 X 6 CrNiMoTi 17.12 F.3535-X 6 CrNiMoTi 17.12.2 SUS 316Ti 10Ch17N13M2T

AISI = American Iron and Steel Institute, UNS = Unified Numbering System, SS = Swedish Standard, AFNOR = Association Française de Normalisation, BS = British Standard